Component 9:  Fracture Toughness

Scott, P.A., Engelder, T., and Mecholsky, J.J., 1992,  The correlation between fracture toughness anisotropy and surface morphology of the siltstones in the Ithaca Formation, Appalachian Basin:  in Evans, B. and Wong, T-F., eds., Fault mechanics and transport properties of rocks, Academic Press Ltd., London, p. 341-370.

Engelder, T., and Fischer, M.P., 1996,  Loading configurations and driving mechanisms for joints based on the Griffith energy-balance concept: Tectonophysics, v. 256 , p. 253-277.

Fischer, M., Elsworth, D., Alley, R.B., and Engelder, T., 1996,  Finite element analysis of the modified ring test for determining mode I fracture toughness:  International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science, v. 33, p. 1-15,